BIO101T Wk 5 – Exam #5: Evolution Unit

ENV100T Week 4, MKT421T Week 3, MKT421 Week 2, RES720 Week6, RES720 Week5, RES720 Week4, RES720 Week3, RES720 Week2, RES720 Week1, MFCC556 Week 6, MFCC556 Week5, MFCC556 Week 5, MFCC556 Week4, MKT421T Week1, MFCC556 Week 4, MFCC556 Week3, MFCC556 Week 3, MFCC556 Week2, MFCC556 Week 2, MFCC556 Week 1, OPS350 Week 5, OPS350 Week 4, OPS350 Week 3, OPS350 Week 2, OPS350 Week 1, HRM300T Week 5, HRM300T Week 4, HRM300T Week 2, HRM300T Week 1, DOC741 Week 6, DOC741 Week 5, DOC741 Week 4, DOC741 Week 2, DOC741 Week1, DOC741 Week 1, HSN575 Week8, HSN575 Week 8, HSN575 Week 7, HSN575 Week 6, HSN575 Week 3, HSN575 Week 2, LDR531 Week4, NSG511 Week 6, MBA5001 Week 5, MBA5001 Week5, MBA5001 Week 4, MBA5001 Week4, MBA5001 Week 3, MBA5001 Week3, MBA5001 Week 2, MBA5001 Week2, MBA5001 Week1, MBA5001 Week 1, PSY211 Week 5, PSY211 Week 4, PSY211 Week 3, PSY211 Week 2, PSY211 Week 1, DOC720R Day3, BSA375 Week 5, BSA375 Week 4, BSA375 Week2, BSA375 Week 2, CMGT445 Week 5, CMGT445 Week 4, CMGT445 Week 3, CMGT445 Week 1, BSA412 Week 5, BSA412 Week5, BSA412 Week4, BSA412 Week 4, BSA412 Week 3, BSA412 Week2, BSA412 Week 2, BSA412 Week 1, CMGT420 Week 5, CMGT420 Week5, CMGT420 Week4, CMGT420 Week 4, CMGT420 Week 3, CMGT420 Week3, CMGT420 Week2, CMGT420 Week 2, RES710 Week8, RES710 Week7, RES710 Week6, RES710 Week5, RES710 Week4, RES710 Week3, RES710 Week2, LDR711A Week 7, LDR711A Week 5, LDR711A Week 3, CPMGT300 Week 5, LAW531T Week 6, LAW531T Week 5, LAW531T Week 4, LAW531T Week 3, LAW531T Week 2, ISCOM383 Week 4, ISCOM383 Week 3, ISCOM383 Week 2, ISCOM383 Week 1, HRM531 Week 2, CNSL556 Week 3, CNSL556 Week 2, STR581 Week 6, STR581 Week3, HSN565 Week5, MGT312T Week 5, MGT312T Week 4, MGT312T Week 3, FIN571 Week 5, LDR726 Week8, LDR726 Week 8, LDR726 Week 7, LDR726 Week 6, LDR726 Week4, LDR726 Week 5, LDR726 Week 4, LDR726 Week 2, LDR726 Week 1, CCMH515CA Week 8, CCMH515CA Week6, CCMH515CA Week 6, CCMH515CA Week 4, CCMH515CA Week 3, CCMH515CA Week 2, CCMH515CA Week 1, LEA5125 Week 1, ENT588 Week 3, CCMH548 Week 6, CCMH548 Week6, CCMH548 Week5, CCMH548 Week 5, CCMH548 Week 3, CCMH548 Week 2, CCMH548 Week 1, CCMH544 Week 8, CCMH544 Week 7, CCMH544 Week 6, CCMH544 Week 5, CCMH544 Week 4, CCMH544 Week 3, CCMH544 Week 2, CCMH544 Week 1, GEN480 Week 5, GEN480 Week4, GEN480 Week 4, GEN480 Week 3, GEN480 Week 2, GEN480 Week1, GEN480 Week 1, ACC492 Week 5, ACC492 Week5, ACC492 Week 4, ACC492 Week4, ACC492 Week3, ACC492 Week 3, ACC492 Week 2, ACC492 Week2, ACC492 Week1, OPS571 Week1, OPS571 Week 2, OPS571 Week3, OPS571 Week4, OPS571 Week 6, REL133 Week4, REL133 Week3, REL133 Week2, REL133 Week1, HUM150 Week 5, HUM150 Week 4, HUM150 Week 3, HUM150 Week 1, HUM150 Week 2, HSN570 Week 5, HSN570 Week 4, HSN570 Week 3, HSN570 Week 2, HSN570 Week 1, HSN565 Week 6, HSN565 Week 5, HSN565 Week 3, HSN565 Week 2, HSN565 Week 1, MGT420 Week 5, MGT420 Week 3, MGT420 Week 1, DOC720R Day 3, DOC720R Day 2, DOC720R Day 1, RES710 Week 8, RES710 Week 7, RES710 Week 6, RES710 Week 5, RES710 Week 4, RES710 Week 3, RES710 Week 2, RES710 Week 1, RES709 Week 8, RES709 Week 7, RES709 Week 6, RES709 Week 5, RES709 Week 4, RES709 Week 3, RES709 Week 2, RES709 Week 1, COMM110 Week5, COMM110 Week 2, COMM110 Week1, COMM400 Week 5, COMM400 Week4, COMM400 Week 4, COMM400 Week 2, COMM400 Week1, COMM400 Week 1, CPMGT305 Week 5, CPMGT305 Week 4, CPMGT305 Week 3, CPMGT305 Week 2, CPMGT305 Week 1, CPMGT302 Week 5, CPMGT302 Week 4, CPMGT302 Week 3, CPMGT302 Week 2, CPMGT302 Week 2, CPMGT302 Week 1, CPMGT301 Week 5, CPMGT301 Week 4, CPMGT301 Week 2, CPMGT301 Week 1, GBM380 Week 4, GBM380 Week 2, QNT351 Week 1, ETH316 Week 3, ETH316 Week2, ETH316 Week 2, ETH316 Week 1, DOC788 Week 2, DOC788 Week 1, LDR736 Week 8, LDR736 Week 7, LDR736 Week 6, LDR736 Week 4, LDR736 Week 3, LDR736 Week 2, LDR736 Week 1, DOC723 Week 6, DOC723 Week 5, DOC723 Week 4, DOC723 Week 3, DOC723 Week 2, DOC723 Week 1, ORG727 Week 8, ORG727 Week 5, ORG727 Week 4, ORG727 Week 3, ORG727 Week 2, ORG727 Week 1, MGT726 Week 7, MGT726 Week 4, MGT726 Week 3, MGT726 Week 1, RES720 Week 8, RES720 Week 7, RES720 Week 6, RES720 Week 5, RES720 Week 4, RES720 Week 3, RES720 Week 2, RES720 Week 1, MHA516 Week 6, MHA516 Week 5, MHA516 Week 4, MHA516 Week 3, MHA516 Week 2, MHA505 Week 6, MHA505 Week 5, MHA505 Week 4, MHA505 Week 3, MHA505 Week 2, CCMH535 Week 6, CCMH535 Week 4, CCMH535 Week 2, CCMH535 Week 1, CCMH525 Week 7, CCMH525 Week 6, CCMH525 Week 4, CCMH525 Week 3, CCMH525 Week 2, CCMH525 Week 1, CCMH551 Week 6, CCMH551 Week 5, CCMH551 Week 4, CCMH551 Week 3, CCMH551 Week 2, CCMH551 Week 1, HCS499 Week 4, HCS499 Week3, HCS499 Week 3, HCS499 Week 2, ENG313 Week 2, ENG313 Week1, ENG313 Week 1, PSY420 Week5, PSY420 Week 5, PSY420 Week 4, PSY420 Week3, PSY420 Week 3, PSY420 Week 2, PSY420 Week 1, PSY410 Week 5, PSY410 Week 3, PSY410 Week 2, PSY410 Week1, PSY410 Week 1, MKT440 Week 5, MKT440 Week 4, MKT440 Week 3, MKT440 Week 1, MGT373 Week 5, MGT373 Week 4, MGT373 Week 3, MGT373 Week 2, MGT373 Week 1, MGT411 Week 5, MGT411 Week 3, MGT411 Week 2, MGT411 Week 1, OPS571 Week 5, OPS571 Week 4, OPS571 Week 1, MKT593 Week 4, MKT593 Week 2, MKT593 Week 1, MKT562 Week 4, MKT562 Week 3, MKT562 Week 2, MKT562 Week 1, MKT544 Week 5, MKT544 Week 4, MKT544 Week 3, MKT544 Week 1, MKT554 Week 4, MKT554 Week 2, MKT554 Week 1, GLG220 Week5, GLG220 Week4, GLG220 Week2, GLG220 Week1, ENT588 Week5, ENT588 Week 5, ENT588 Week 4, ENT588 Week3, ENT588 Week2, ENT588 Week1, MFCC551CA Week8, MFCC551CA Week7, MFCC551CA Week6, MFCC551CA Week5, MFCC551CA Week4, MFCC551CA Week3, MFCC551CA Week2, MFCC551CA Week1, CCMH506 Week7, CCMH506 Week6, CCMH506 Week5, CCMH506 Week4, CCMH506 Week3, CCMH506 Week2, CCMH506 Week1, CCMH504 Week6, CCMH504 Week5, CCMH504 Week4, CCMH504 Week1, CCMH510 Week5, CCMH510 Week3, CCMH510 Week2, CCMH510 Week1, FIN571 Week5, FIN571 Week2, BIS221T Week 5, ENV100T Week 2, ENG223 Week5, ENG223 Week4, ENG223 Week3, ENG223 Week 2, ENG223 Week2, ENG223 Week1, PHL458 Week5, PHL458 Week4, PHL458 Week3, PHL458 Week2, PHL458 Week1, HST175 Week5, HST175 Week4, HST175 Week3, HST175 Week2, HST175 Week1, POL115 Week 3, POL115 Week1, POL115 Week2, HUM105 Week3, HUM105 Week2, HUM105 Week1, SOC100 Week4, SOC100 Week3, SOC100 Week2, SOC100 Week1, PSY203 Week 5, PSY203 Week4, PSY203 Week 4, PSY203 Week3, PSY203 Week 3, PSY203 Week 2, PSY203 Week 1, FIN486 Week4, FIN486 Week 2, SCI201 Week2, SCI201 Week 1, SCI201 Week1, FIN366 Week5, FIN366 Week 5, FIN366 Week4, FIN366 Week 4, FIN366 Week3, FIN366 Week 3, FIN366 Week2, FIN366 Week 2, FIN366 Week1, FIN366 Week 1, FIN419 Week 1, ISCOM476 Week5, ISCOM476 Week3, ISCOM374 Week 5, ISCOM374 Week4, ISCOM374 Week 3, ISCOM374 Week3, ISCOM374 Week2, ISCOM473 Week5, ISCOM473 Week4, ISCOM473 Week2, ISCOM473 Week1, ISCOM424 Week5, ISCOM424 Week4, ISCOM424 Week3, ISCOM424 Week 2, ISCOM424 Week2, ISCOM424 Week1, ARTS125 Week5, ARTS125 Week3, ARTS125 Week2, ARTS125 Week1, HRM498 Week5, HRM498 Week4, HRM498 Week3, HRM498 Week 2, HRM498 Week2, HRM498 Week1, BIS221T Week2, BIS221T Week1, MTH216 Week3, MTH216 Week2, PSY405 Week5, PSY405 Week 3, PSY405 Week3, PSY405 Week2, PSY405 Week1, PSY110 Week 5, PSY110 Week 4, PSY110 Week 3, PSY110 Week2, PSY110 Week1, CJS201 Week 2, CJS201 Week5, CJS201 Week4, CJS201 Week3, CJS201 Week2, CJS201 Week1, ACC491 Week5 team, ACC491 Week5, ACC491 Week 4, ACC491 Week4, ACC491 Week 3, ACC491 Week3, ACC491 Week 1, ACC491 Week1, ECO365 Week1, COMM315 Week5, COMM315 Week4, COMM315 Week3, COMM315 Week2, COMM315 Week1, SOC262 Week5, SOC262 Week4, SOC262 Week3, SOC262 Week2, SOC262 Week1, MGT230 Week 5, MGT230 Week 4, MGT230 Week5, MGT230 Week4, MGT230 Week3, MGT230 Week2, MGT230 Week1, MKT421 Week5, MPA533 Week 5, MPA533 Week 4, MPA533 Week 3, HRM310 Week 5, HRM310 Week5, HRM310 Week4, HRM310 Week3, HRM310 Week2, HRM310 Week1, HRM324 Week5, HRM324 Week4, HRM324 Week3, HRM324 Week2, HRM324 Week1, MGT418 Week 5, MGT418 Week5, MGT418 Week4, MGT418 Week3, MGT418 Week2, MGT418 Week 1, MGT418 Week1, HSN560 Week6, HSN560 Week5, HSN560 Week4, HSN560 Week3, HSN560 Week2, HSN560 Week1, FIN422 Week 5, FIN422 Week 4, FIN422 Week5, FIN422 Week4, FIN422 Week3, FIN422 Week2, FIN422 Week1, FIN402 Week5, FIN402 Week4, FIN402 Week3, FIN402 Week2, FIN402 Week1, IT200 Week 4, IT200 Week5, IT200 Week4, IT200 Week3, IT200 Week2, IT200 Week 1, GEO180 Week 4, GEO180 Week5, GEO180 Week4, GEO180 Week3, GEO180 Week 2, GEO180 Week2, GEO180 Week1, ISCOM305 Week 5, ISCOM305 Week5, ISCOM305 Week 2, GEN201 Week 5, GEN201 Week 4, GEN201 Week 3, MGT445 Week5, MGT445 Week4, MGT445 Week3, MGT445 Week2, MGT445 Week1, MPA533 Week 6, MPA533 Week5, MPA533 Week2, MPA593 Week6, MPA593 Week5, MPA593 Week4, MPA593 Week3, MPA593 Week2, MPA593 Week1, MPA583 Week6, MPA583 Week5, MPA583 Week4, MPA583 Week3, MPA583 Week2, MPA583 Week1, MPA563 Week6, MPA563 Week5, MPA563 Week4, MPA563 Week3, MPA563 Week2, MPA563 Week1, PSY360 Week5, PSY360 Week4, PSY360 Week3, PSY360 Week2, PSY360 Week1, HM475 Week 4, HM475 Week5, HM475 Week4, HM475 Week3, HM475 Week2, HM475 Week1, MPATM543 Week6, MPATM543 Week5, MPATM543 Week4, MPATM543 Week3, MPATM543 Week2, MPATM543 Week1, MPA573 Week 3, MPA573 Week6, MPA573 Week5, MPA573 Week4, MPA573 Week3, MPA573 Week2, MPA573 Week1, MPA543 Week6, MPA543 Week5, MPA543 Week4, MPA543 Week3, MPA543 Week2, MPA543 Week1, HRMPA533 Week6, HRMPA533 Week5, HRMPA533 Week4, HRMPA533 Week3, HRMPA533 Week2, HRMPA533 Week1, LAWPA513 Week 5, LAWPA513 Week6, LAWPA513 Week5, LAWPA513 Week4, LAWPA513 Week3, LAWPA513 Week2, LAWPA513 Week1, HSN525 Week8, HSN525 Week7, HSN525 Week6, HSN525 Week5, HSN525 Week4, HSN525 Week3, HSN525 Week2, HSN525 Week1, NSG550 Week6, NSG550 Week5, NSG550 Week4, NSG550 Week3, NSG550 Week2, NSG550 Week1, MPA533 Week6, MPA533 Week5, MPA533 Week4, MPA533 Week3, MPA533 Week2, MPA533 Week1, NSG513 Week6, NSG513 Week5, NSG513 Week4, NSG513 Week3, NSG513 Week2, NSG513 Week1, NSG512 Week 6, NSG512 Week6, NSG512 Week5, NSG512 Week4, NSG512 Week3, NSG512 Week2, NSG512 Week1, NSG511 Week6, NSG511 Week5, NSG511 Week4, NSG511 Week3, NSG511 Week2, NSG511 Week1, HCS529 Week5, HCS529 Week4, HCS529 Week3, HCS529 Week2, HCS529 Week1, HCS535 Week6, HCS535 Week5, HCS535 Week4, HCS535 Week3, HCS535 Week2, HCS535 Week1, HCS552 Week6, HCS552 Week5, HCS552 Week4, HCS552 Week3, HCS552 Week2, HCS552 Week1, PSY340 Week 2, PSY340 Week5, PSY340 Week4, PSY340 Week3, PSY340 Week2, PSY340 Week1, PSY335 Week 2, PSY335 Week5, PSY335 Week4, PSY335 Week3, PSY335 Week2, PSY335 Week1, ETH120 Week5, ETH120 Week4, ETH120 Week 4, ETH120 Week2, ETH120 Week1, DOC705R Day 2, DOC705R Day5, DOC705R Day4, DOC705R Day3, DOC705R Day2, DOC705R Day1, MGT314 Week5, MGT314 Week4, MGT314 Week 4, MGT314 Week2, MGT314 Week1, SOC333 Week 1, SOC333 Week5, SOC333 Week4, SOC333 Week3, SOC333 Week2, SOC333 Week1, PSY310 Week 5, PSY310 Week5, PSY310 Week4, PSY310 Week3, PSY310 Week2, PSY310 Week1, PSY305 Week5, PSY305 Week4, PSY305 Week3, PSY305 Week2, PSY305 Week1, COMM102 Week5, COMM102 Week4, COMM102 Week3, COMM102 Week2, COMM102 Week1, PSY245 Week 4, PSY245 Week 3, PSY245 Week5, PSY245 Week4, PSY245 Week3, PSY245 Week2, PSY245 Week1, PSY215 Week 5, PSY215 Week5, PSY215 Week4, PSY215 Week3, PSY215 Week2, PSY215 Week1, MPA553 Week6, MPA553 Week5, MPA553 Week4, MPA553 Week3, MPA553 Week2, ACC574 Week6, ACC574 Week5, ACC574 Week4, ACC574 Week3, ACC574 Week2, ACC574 Week1, QNT562 Week6, QNT562 Week5, QNT562 Week4, QNT562 Week3, QNT562 Week2, QNT562 Week1, BIS320 Week 4, BIS320 Week 3, BIS320 Week5, BIS320 Week4, BIS320 Week3, BIS320 Week2, BIS320 Week1, PSY250 Week1, PSY250 Week5, PSY250 Week4, PSY250 Week3, PSY250 Week2, LTC310 Week5, LTC310 Week4, LTC310 Week3, LTC310 Week2, CPMGT300 Week5, CPMGT300 Week4, CPMGT300 Week3, CPMGT300 Week2, CPMGT300 Week1, SOC315 Week5, SOC315 Week4, SOC315 Week 3, SOC315 Week3, SOC315 Week2, SOC315 Week1, LTC328 Week5, LTC328 Week3, LTC328 Week2, LTC315 Week4, LTC315 Week3, LTC315 Week2, ACC561 Week6, ACC561 Week 3, ACC561 Week3, ACC561 Week2, ACC561 Week1, QRB501 Week4, QRB501 Week2, HCS433 Week3, HCS433 Week2, HCS437 Week5, HCS437 Week4, HCS437 Week3, HCS437 Week2, HCS465 Week5, HCS465 Week3, HCS465 Week 2, HCS465 Week2, HCS451 Week5, HCS451 Week3, HCS451 Week2, HCS483 Week4, HCS483 Week 4, HCS483 Week 3, HCS483 Week3, HCS457 Week 5, HCS457 Week5, HCS457 Week4, HCS490 Week5, HCS490 Week 4, HCS490 Week4, HCS490 Week2, HCS385 Week 5, HCS385 Week5, HCS385 Week4, HCS385 Week3, POL215 Week5, POL215 Week 3, POL215 Week2, POL215 Week1, HST206 Week 5, HST206 Week4, HST206 Week3, HST206 Week1, LDR531 Week6, LDR531 Week 5, LDR531 Week5, LDR531 Week4, LDR531 Week 3, LDR531 Week3, LDR531 Week2, LDR531 Week1, HRM531 Week5, HRM531 Week4, HRM531 Week2, HRM531 Week1, HST276 Week5, HST276 Week4, HST276 Week3, HST276 Week1, ENG135 Week4, ENG135 Week5, ENG135 Week3, ENG135 Week 3, ENG135 Week2, ENG135 Week1, SOC110 Week5, SOC110 Week4, CJA345 Week1, CJA345 Week2, CJA345 Week 2, CJA345 Week3, CJA345 Week 3, CJA345 Week4, CJA345 Week 4, CJA345 Week5, CJA345 Week 5, MGT448 Week 4, MGT448 Week 3, MGT448 Week5, MGT448 Week4, MGT448 Week3, MGT448 Week2, MGT448 Week1, ISCOM305 Week 4, ISCOM305 Week 3,ISCOM305 Week 2, ISCOM305 Week5, ISCOM305 Week4, ISCOM305 Week3, ISCOM305 Week2, ISCOM305 Week1, PSY280 Week4, PSY280 Week3, PSY280 Week2, PSY280 Week1, PSY280 Week5, PSY280 Week5, PSY225 Week 5, PSY225 Week 4, PSY225 Week5, PSY225 Week4, PSY225 Week3, PSY225 Week2

Birds and insects both have wings, but we do not consider this similarity as evidence of relatedness because

• insect wings are vestigial.
• there is no fossil link between these groups.
• bird wings, but not insect wings, function on the physics principles of lift.
• they did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period.
• the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin.

Antiviral medicines target specific stages of the viral life cycle. Which of the following is not a stage of the life cycle that is targeted?

• release
• attachment
• uncoating
• All of the answer choices are correct.
• maturation

Which of the following best describes how the flu virus may impact the respiratory system?

• The proteins produced by the virus interfere with ability of epithelial cells to move materials in and out of lung tissue, resulting in fluid buildup in the lungs.
• Epithelial cells see an increase in function as they try to adapt to the viral load of surrounding cells.
• All of the answer choices are correct.
• The immune system prompts a decrease in blood flow, which results in the lungs becoming dry. A hacking cough can be produced.

When the influenza virus enters into an epithelial cell within the respiratory tract, the infected cell responds by

• posting antibodies on its cell surface, acting as a flag for the memory B cells to destroy it.
• initiating an inflammation response.
• posting antigens on its cell surface, acting as a flag for the cytotoxic T cells to destroy it.
• causing mutations in the genetic material of the virus, preventing its replication and halting the spread of the virus.

When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell, the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both viruses to reassemble them into a new form of virus. This process is called _____.

• the founder effect
• artificial selection
• antigenic shift
• antigenic drift

Which of the following is a characteristic of all living things?

• All living things are capable of movement.
• All living things maintain a constant internal environment.
• All living things breathe.
• All living things are made up of multiple cells.

Darwin was very interested in the observation that animals on distant and isolated landmasses appeared to be related to animals on the mainlands. However, despite their similar appearance, the animals were indeed not related. Which of the following types of evidence would help Darwin make sense of his observations?

• anatomical
• biogeographical
• biochemical
• fossil

All viruses are made up of two components. What are they?

• RNA and DNA
• a protein capsid and genetic material, in the form of either RNA or DNA
• a plasma membrane and DNA within a nucleus
• fiber proteins that extend from the body of the virus and one or more tails that are used for locomotion

A bilingual couple can speak English and Spanish. They have a child that is also bilingual and can speak English and Spanish. Has evolution occurred?

• No
• Yes

Giant viruses are challenging the historical notion that viruses are nonliving things. What characteristic do giant viruses possess that make scientists think twice about their classification?

• They have the ability to manufacture their own proteins without the help of a host cell.
• They have the ability to form conglomerates of virus particles that work together, similar to how groups of cells work together as tissues.
• They have the ability to reproduce independently without a host cell.
• They are large in size, similar to prokaryotic cells.

Getting a flu vaccine guarantees individuals will not get the flu.

• True
• False

Reverse transcriptase does not have a high degree of fidelity. This means that

• RNA viruses tend to be more prone to evolution compared to DNA viruses.
• DNA viruses tend to be more prone to evolution compared to RNA viruses.
• vaccinations are more easily created for RNA viruses that use this enzyme.
• the immune system is more likely to recognize RNA viruses compared to DNA viruses.

In most organisms, the flow of information is from

• DNA, RNA, then protein.
• protein, DNA, then RNA.
• protein, RNA, and DNA.
• RNA, DNA, then protein.

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the _____ cycle.

• lytic
• lysozyme
• retroviral
• lysogenic

How are flu viruses named? Check all that may apply.
rev: 11_26_2019_QC_CS-192030
Check All That Apply

• by their hosts by their hosts
• by their type (A or B) by their type (A or B)
• by their strain by their strain
• by their year of isolation by their year of isolation
• by the length of their incubation period by the length of their incubation period Correct
• by their genetic material

How does the body recognize “self” cells compared to “nonself” cells?

• “Self” cells are marked by glycoproteins called major-histocompatibility complexes (MHCs).
• “Self” cells contain a triple layer of phospholipids on their plasma membranes.
• “Self” cells contain spikes on their outer surface.
• “Self” cells contain cytokines on their cell surfaces.

Which of the following is/are true about natural selection?

• It acts on genotypes rather than phenotypes.
• On average, it favors the survival of individuals that have adaptive characteristics.
• It always selects for more complex forms.
• It assures the survival of every fit individual.
• All of the answer choices are correct.

Physician Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox, a harmless pathogen related to the dangerous smallpox virus, as a vaccination to provide patients immunity from future smallpox epidemics. This is an example of

• developing high levels of complement.
• an inflammatory response that decreased the IgE production and increased T cells.
• passive immunity.
• developing high levels of interferon although Jenner did not realize these diseases were viral.
• active immunity.

Select all of the following ways that the flu virus may impact body systems.
Check All That Apply

• The breakdown of muscle fibers and accumulation of fluid cause muscle and joint achiness. The breakdown of muscle fibers and accumulation of fluid cause muscle and joint achiness.
• The restriction of blood vessels in the skin conserves heat and results in chills. The restriction of blood vessels in the skin conserves heat and results in chills.
• The abundance of cytokines signals the hypothalamus to increase body temperature, resulting in a fever. The abundance of cytokines signals the hypothalamus to increase body temperature, resulting in a fever.
• Appetite centers in the brain show reduced action, resulting in a loss of appetite and nausea. Appetite centers in the brain show reduced action, resulting in a loss of appetite and nausea.
• Toxins produced by the virus break down muscles, resulting in muscle aches and pains. Toxins produced by the virus break down muscles, resulting in muscle aches and pains. Correct
• A rapid loss of epithelial cells within the respiratory system results in a shortness of breath and rapid heart rate.

The most common flu vaccine is called a trivalent vaccine, because it contains
Check All That Apply

• three different strains of inactivated viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus. three different strains of inactivated viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus.
• four different strains of live viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus, and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage) virus. four different strains of live viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus, and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage) virus.
• three different strains of live viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus. three different strains of live viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus, and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria lineage) virus.
• two different strains of inactivated viruses: A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus and A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N3)-like virus.

In order to infect a cell, a virus must

• produce a special extension of its cytoplasm when it comes into contact with the appropriate host cell.
• active burrow through the cell wall or cell membrane of the host cell to reach the cell’s nucleus.
• inject its protein into the cell while the nucleic acid remains attached to the host cell surface.
• have a special protein on its surface that can interact with a protein receptor on the surface of the host cell.

Once in the respiratory tract, the flu virus targets cells based on specific glycoproteins on their surfaces. How does the virus gain entry into the target cell?

• The H spikes of the influenza virus break down the cell wall, allowing the virus to gain entry.
• Viruses are made up of lipids and can therefore diffuse through the membrane of target cells, gaining entry.
• The N spikes of the influenza virus help break down the plasma membrane of a cell, allowing entry of the virus into the cell.
• Glycoproteins within the virus structure bind with glycoproteins on the membrane of the target cell and the virus squeezes through the glycoprotein into the cell.

What is the correct sequence of events in viral reproduction?

• penetration, attachment, integration, biosynthesis, maturation, release
• attachment, fusion, biosynthesis, maturation, and release
• attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release
• endocytosis, uncoating, maturation, and release

During previous flu seasons, small variations in the influenza virus resulted in the immune system’s inability to full recognize and respond to flu exposure. As a result, the vaccine was less than 30% effective. This is an example of _____.

• antigenic shift
• the founder effect
• artificial selection
• antigenic drift

Why are new flu vaccinations required for each new flu season?

• The flu virus mutates frequently enough that last year’s vaccination will no longer target currently circulating flu strains.
• The vaccination does not contain enough antigens to create a lasting immune response, so boosters are required every year.
• The vaccination cannot contain enough preservatives to last in the body longer than a year.
• The flu virus can become latent, meaning it can hide from the immune system within the body, so new vaccinations are important to allow for continuing immunity.

Which of the following statements is true about the production of the influenza vaccine?

• A protein responsible for the H spikes of the flu virus is added to a harmless virus that infects insect cells., causing them to produce massive amounts of H spike protein. The extracted H spike protein is then purified and used to make vaccines.
• All three methods describe different approaches used to make flu vaccines.
• Viruses are injected into fertilized eggs, incubated, then viral particles are extracted, purified, and used to make vaccines.
• Viruses are injected into mammalian cells, then viral particles are extracted, purified, and used to make vaccines.

Research for a universal flu vaccine tends to focus on

• core proteins, as they do not mutate as rapidly as H and N spikes and they tend to be similar between different influenza strains.
• H spikes as they mutate rapidly, allowing for more chances for the vaccine to work.
• N spikes because they tend to be similar between different influenza strains.
• viral tails because they exist in all flu viruses and do not mutate often.

Which of the following is only true of RNA, but not DNA?

• It is comprised of nucleotides.
• Guanine pairs with cytosine.
• Adenine pairs with uracil.
• The backbone is made up of alternating 5-carbon sugars and phosphate groups.

At what level of biological organization does evolution take place?

• organism
• ecosystem
• community
• population

Which of these is the best description of a virus?

• chemical complexes of RNA or DNA protected by a protein shell
• a member of the kingdom Virusae
• an invasive cell that cannot stop reproducing
• a noncellular living organism
• the smallest bacteria known

True or False: In order to generate active immunity, individuals must be exposed to the actual pathogen itself. This is why vaccinations always contain live pathogens.

• False
• True

Which of the following structures are associated with the immune system. Check all that may apply.
Check All That Apply

• thymus thymus
• spleen spleen
• lungs lungs
• red bone marrow red bone marrow
• lymph nodes lymph nodes
• capillaries

Which of the following is an example of evolution that can be observed and studied?

• HIV can become resistant to various drug treatments.
• A population of bacteria gain resistance to a specific antibiotic.
• Weeds within a farm develop resistance to select herbicides.
• All are examples of evolution that can be observed and studied.

Which of the following statements relate to natural selection. Check all that may apply.
Check All That Apply

• Populations experience differential reproductive success. Populations experience differential reproductive success.
• Breeding is done intentionally with the intent to increase the frequency of desired traits. Breeding is done intentionally with the intent to increase the frequency of desired traits.
• Variation within a population is heritable. Variation within a population is heritable.
• Populations experience competition for resources. Populations experience competition for resources.
• The variations in a population make no difference in terms of reproductive success.

About 12,000 years ago, a mass extinction event occurred and 75% of the world’s large mammal species were eliminated. While a small number of cheetahs managed to survive and restore the world’s population of cheetahs, this event caused an extreme reduction of the cheetah’s genetic diversity. Based on the principles of natural selection, which of the following is a consequence of their reduced genetic diversity?

• Cheetahs within the same population do not vary in their reproductive success.
• Cheetahs have very little heritable variation, which will make it difficult for them to adapt as the environment changes.
• Cheetahs have never fully adapted to the current environment.
• Cheetahs are unable to effectively compete with each other for resources.

 

 

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