Drag each concept to its corresponding definition.
Disjunction Truth-functional login
Truth-functionally equivalent Claim variable
Truth table Truth table
Negation Negation
Conditional claim Conjunction
Conjunction Disjunction
Claim variable Conditional claim
Truth-functional logic Truth-functionally equivalent
Drag each concept to its corresponding definition.
Conclusion-analogue Argument from analogy
Analogues Analogues
Argument from analogy Conclusion-analogue
Attacking the analogy Attacking the analogy
Attribute of Interest Attribute of interest
Identifying Statistical Syllogisms and Inductive Generalizations from Samples 3
Determine whether each of the following is a statistical syllogism, inductive generalization from a sample, or neither.
1. Here, try this one. It’ll stop your cough. It’s a Breezer.
Statistical syllogism
2. Costco charges less than Wal-Mart for comparable items. I’ve shopped at both for years.
Inductive generalization from a sample
3. Alvid likes the president; after all, he’s a Democrat.
Statistical syllogism
4. The local Kia dealership is thriving, which suggests that Kia is doing well nationally.
Neither
5. Professor Stooler is a tough grader; he teaches physics.
Inductive generalization from a sample
Identifying the Analogues and Attributes of Interest 1
| In each item, identify the analogues and the attribute of interest. |
- Saccharin causes cancer in rats, and rats are like humans, biologically speaking. So saccharin will cause cancer in humans, too.
| Analogues:
Attribute of interest: |
Rats and humans Being subject to causation to cancer by saccharin |
- Doug Gray is a successful businessman; he’d make a fine mayor.
| Analogues:
Attribute of interest: |
Gray’s performance as businessman and as mayor Being successful |
- Jeb Bush is very popular in Georgia. He’d be just as popular in Alabama because most voters in both states are southern conservatives.
| Analogues:
Attribute of interest: |
Jeb’s popularity in Georgia and Alabama Being very popular |
There are four types of categorical claims.
True
False
“All birds have hollow bones.” Which type of claim is this?
- Top of Form
- O-claim
- A-claim
- E-claim
- I-claim
Truth-functional logic focuses on the structure of language and in particular the logical functions of terms such as “not,” “and,” “or,” and “if . . . then.”
True
False
An argument can be considered valid as long as its premise is true, even if its conclusion is false.
True
False
A “random sample” refers to a sample selected by a procedure that gives every member of a population an equal chance of being included.
True
False
In the law, “causation” is defined
- as a connection between action and harm.
- as a connection between legal causes and probability.
- as the strength of a statistical syllogism and the probability of its conclusion.
- as proof by absence of disproof.
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